Title IX: Know Your Rights

“No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” –Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972

Passed by Congress on June 23, 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 bars sex discrimination in education programs and activities offered by entities receiving federal financial assistance. As the Supreme Court recognized in the landmark case of United States v. Virginia, “our Nation has had a long and unfortunate history of sex discrimination.” But in the forty years since its enactment, Title IX has improved access to educational opportunities for millions of students, helping to ensure that no educational opportunity is denied to women on the basis of sex and that women are granted “equal opportunity to aspire, achieve, participate in and contribute to society based on their individual talents and capacities.” In 2011 alone, Title IX covered over 49 million students enrolled in more than 98,000 elementary and secondary schools.3 Title IX also protects more than 20 million students enrolled in postsecondary education.

Title IX protects any person from sex-based discrimination, regardless of their real or perceived sex, gender identity, and/or gender expression. Female, male, and gender non-conforming students, faculty, and staff are protected from any sex-based discrimination, harassment or violence.

You are protected under Title IX even if you do not experience sex discrimination directly. Schools must take immediate steps to address any sex discrimination, sexual harassment or sexual violence happening on campus to prevent it from affecting students further. If a school knows or reasonably should know about discrimination, harassment or violence that is creating a “hostile environment” for any student, it must act to eliminate it, remedy the harm caused and prevent its recurrence.

Every school must have a Title IX Coordinator who manages complaints. The Coordinator’s contact information should be publically accessible on the school’s website. If you decide to file a complaint, your school must promptly investigate it regardless of whether you report to the police, though a police investigation may very briefly delay the school’s investigation if they are gathering evidence. A school may not wait for the conclusion of a criminal proceeding and should conclude its own investigation within a semester’s time (the 2011 Title IX Guidance proposes 60 days as an appropriate timeframe). The school should use a “preponderance of the evidence” standard to determine the outcome of a complaint, meaning discipline should result if it is more likely than not discrimination, harassment or violence occurred. The final decision should be provided to you and the accused in writing and both of you have the right to appeal the decision.

James David Cross, Director EEO/Compliance, Title IX Coordinator
Office of Institutional Equity
3100 Main, Suite 702
Houston, Texas 77002
713.718.8271 or institutional.equity@hccs.edu

HCC Grievance procedures »

Along with issuing a no contact directive to the accused, schools must ensure any reasonable changes to your class or sports schedule, campus job, or extracurricular activity and clubs are made to ensure you can continue your education free from any ongoing sex discrimination, sexual harassment or sexual violence. These arrangements can occur BEFORE a formal complaint, investigation, hearing, or final decision is made regarding your complaint. It also can CONTINUE after the entire process since you have a right to an education free of sex-based discrimination, harassment or violence. Additionally, these accommodations should not over-burden complainant-victims or limit your educational opportunities. Instead, schools can require the accused to likewise change some school activities or classes to ensure there is not ongoing hostile educational environment.

Schools must address complaints of sex discrimination, sexual harassment and sexual violence. As part of this obligation they can issue a no contact directive or make other accommodations to ensure the accused or a third party does not retaliate for any complaint. Additionally, the school may not take adverse action against the complainant-victim for their complaint. Any retaliation can and should be reported in a formal Title IX complaint to the U.S. Department of Education since it is your right to be free from a hostile educational environment.

When necessary for student safety, schools can issue a no contact directive preventing an accused student from directly or indirectly contacting or interacting with you. Campus security or police can and should enforce such directives. This is not a court-issued restraining order, but a school should provide you with information on how to obtain such an order and facilitate that process if you choose to pursue it.

The 2011 Title IX Guidance clearly prohibits schools from allowing mediation between an accused student and a complainant-victim in sexual violence cases. However, they may still offer such an alternative process for other types of complaints, such as sexual harassment. Realize it is your choice and you can and should seek a disciplinary hearing if you desire such a formal process. Schools are discouraged from allowing the accused to question you during a hearing.

Title IX is a positive right to be free of a hostile environment in order to protect your access to education. You have a right to remain on campus and have every educational program and opportunity available to you. Schools may not discourage you from continuing your education, such as telling you to “take time off” or force you to quit a team, club or class. You can always file a formal Title IX complaint with the U.S. Department of Education if this occurs or seek legal counsel to enforce your right to education under Title IX. It is your choice how to handle sexual harassment or violence, but realize you have a right to your education and the school MUST adjust to ensure you can continue free from that hostile environment.

The school administration has a duty to address all Title IX complaints in a prompt and impartial manner. Investigations should be independent of police or other investigations. Once a potential Title IX infraction is known by a school administrator, the school must act quickly to address the complaint. Generally the school has 60 days to address a Title IX complaint unless there are extenuating circumstances. The legal standard of preponderance of evidence will be used when determining whether a violation has occurred.

• Allow student to continue participating in classes and extracurricular activities even though student are pregnant. This means that student can still participate in advanced placement and honors classes, school clubs, sports, honor societies, student leadership opportunities, and other activities, like after-school programs operated at the school.
• Allow student to choose whether student wants to participate in special instructional programs or classes for pregnant students. Student can participate if student wants to, but we cannot pressure a student to do so. The alternative program must provide the same types of academic, extracurricular and enrichment opportunities as student’s school’s regular program.
• Allow student to participate in classes and extracurricular activities even though student are pregnant and not require student to submit a doctor’s note unless a doctor’s note from all students who have a physical or emotional condition requiring treatment by a doctor. We must not require a doctor’s note from student after student have been hospitalized for childbirth unless it requires a doctor’s note from all students who have been hospitalized for other conditions.
• Provide student with reasonable adjustments, like a larger desk, elevator access, or allowing student to make frequent trips to the restroom, when necessary because of student’s pregnancy.

• Excuse absences due to pregnancy or childbirth for as long as student’s doctor says it is necessary.
• Allow student to return to the same academic and extracurricular status as before student’s medical leave began, which should include giving student the opportunity to make up any work missed while the student was out.
• Ensure that faculty understand the Title IX requirements related to excused absences/medical leave. Student’s instructor may not refuse to allow student to submit work after a deadline student missed because of pregnancy or childbirth. If student’s instructor’s grading is based in part on class participation or attendance and student missed class because of pregnancy or childbirth, student should be allowed to make up the participation or attendance credits student didn’t have the chance to earn.
• Provide pregnant students with the same special services it provides to students with temporary medical conditions. This includes homebound instruction/at-home tutoring/independent study.